The brand new Tainos was basically pre-Columbian society of one’s Bahamas, Higher Antilles, and northern Minimal Antilles. It’s thought that brand new seafaring Tainos have been family unit members of the Arawakan people of South america. The words is actually a person in the fresh new Maipurean linguistic household members, which ranges regarding South usa along the Caribbean.
During the time of Columbus’s arrival for the 1492, there are five Taino kingdoms and you will regions into the Hispaniola (modern day Dominican Republic and you will Haiti), for every added because of the a principal Cacique (chieftain), to help you exactly who tribute is paid down. Because the genetic head head regarding Taino tribes, the fresh new cacique try paid down extreme tribute. Caciques enjoyed Lima in Peru female to male the fresh advantage away from using fantastic pendants entitled guanin, staying in square bohios as opposed to the bullet of them brand new villagers populated, and seated for the solid wood stools whenever searching site visitors. During the time of new Language conquest, the greatest Taino populace facilities could have consisted of to step three,000 some one or more.
The Tainos was indeed historic neighbors and opponents of strong Carib tribes, another group which have root into the South usa just who existed principally in this new Decreased Antilles
To possess much of the new fifteenth century, the fresh Taino group was being inspired towards Northeast on Caribbean (out of what exactly is now South usa) on account of raids by strong Caribs (Of numerous Carib female spoke Taino by the multitude of women Taino captives among them).
The first recorded smallpox outbreak from inside the Hispaniola occurred in 1507. It is debated that there was substantial mestizaje plus several Indian pueblos that survived towards 19th century into the Cuba. The latest Spaniards just who earliest arrived in the fresh Bahamas, Cuba and you can Hispaniola for the 1492, and soon after within the Puerto Rico, failed to give feminine. It grabbed Taino feminine because of their spouses, hence triggered mestizo people.
Words The expression “Taino” arrives right from Columbus. The new local anyone he discovered inside the earliest trip named by themselves “Taino”, definition “good” otherwise “noble”, to tell apart themselves away from Area-Caribs. Which term put on the Area Tainos in addition to those who work in the new Lower Antilles. In your town, the brand new Tainos known themselves by the name of their area. Eg, those who work in Puerto Rico named on their own Boricua (for example people from brand new island of valiant commendable lords) the area is actually named Borike’n (High homes of the valiant good lord) and people consuming this new Bahamas titled on their own Lucayo (quick islands).
Particular ethnohistorians, eg Daniel Garrison Brinton, called the exact same culture men and women “Isle Arawak” on the Arawakan keyword to own cassava flour, a staple of one’s competition. From this, what plus the citizens were at some point called “Arawak”. However, modern students look at this a mistake. Individuals which called by themselves Arawak resided just about Guianas and Trinidad in addition to their words and you may culture change from the ones from the fresh new Taino.
Of the 18th century, Taino neighborhood ended up being devastated because of the produced sickness such as for example smallpox, and also other troubles particularly intermarriages and you may pressed intake towards the the newest plantation cost savings one to The country of spain imposed within its Caribbean colonies, with its then importation out-of African servant pros
Going right through big date, some other publishers, traveler, historians, linguists, anthropologists, etcetera., has interchangeably utilized these terms. Taino has been used to imply the more Antillean people merely, men and women and the Bahamas tribes, those individuals and also the Leeward Countries tribes otherwise all those leaving out the newest Puerto Rican people and you may Leeward tribes. Island Taino has been used to mention to the people residing the Windward Countries merely, those who work in the brand new northern Caribbean merely or those living in one of one’s islands. Modern historians, linguists and anthropologists now keep that term Taino is always to send to all or any Taino/Arawak tribes with the exception of brand new Caribs. The brand new Caribs are not seen because of the anthropologists neither historians as being a comparable individuals even in the event linguists will always be debating perhaps the Carib vocabulary is a keen Arawakan dialect otherwise creole code – or perhaps a distinct code, with an enthusiastic Arawakan pidgin tend to included in correspondence.